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- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- T H E B A R E B O N E S G U I D E T O H T M L
-
- by Kevin Werbach
- <http://werbach.com/>
-
- Version 3.0 -- July 21, 1996
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-
-
- This document is permanently located at <http://werbach.com/barebones/>.
-
- The Bare Bones Guide to HTML lists all the tags that current versions of
- most browsers are likely to recognize. I have included all the tags in the
- HTML 3.2 specification, as well as Netscape extensions included in versions
- of Netscape Navigator up to 3.0b5. The Guide is designed to be as concise
- as possible, and therefore it doesn't go into any detail about how to use
- the various tags. There are numerous step-by-step HTML guides on the Web;
- I have links to many of them at <http://werbach.com/web/wwwhelp.html>.
-
- Comments and suggestions are always welcome; you can reach me via Email
- at <barebones@werbach.com>.
-
-
-
- FORMATTING OF THIS DOCUMENT
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- This document looks best displayed in a monospaced font.
-
- For clarity, I have separated out different attributes that can be applied
- to the same tag onto separate lines. Generally, multiple attributes can be
- combined in the same tag.
-
- Tags are listed in upper case for ease of reading, although most tags are
- not case sensitive.
-
-
-
- SYMBOLS USED
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- URL URL of an external file (or just file name if in the same directory)
- ? Arbitrary number (i.e. <H?> means <H1>, <H2>, <H3>, etc.)
- % Arbitrary percentage (i.e. <HR WIDTH="%"> means <HR WIDTH="50%">, etc.)
- *** Arbitrary text (i.e. ALT="***" means fill in with text)
- $$$$$$ Arbitrary hex (i.e. BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$" means BGCOLOR="#00FF1C", etc.)
- ,,, Comma-delimited (i.e. COORDS=",,," means COORDS="0,0,50,50", etc.)
- | Alternatives (i.e. ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER means pick one of these)
-
-
- COMPATIBILITY (remember, HTML is evolving and browser implementations vary)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- (no notation) In the HTML 3.2 spec.; should work on all browsers
- N1.0 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 1.0
- N1.1 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 1.1
- N2.0 Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 2.0
- N3.0B Netscape extension introduced with Navigator version 3.0 beta
-
- ===========================================================================
- ===========================================================================
-
-
-
- GENERAL (all HTML documents should have these)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Document Type <HTML></HTML> (beginning and end of file)
- Title <TITLE></TITLE> (must be in header)
- Header <HEAD></HEAD> (descriptive info, such as title)
- Body <BODY></BODY> (bulk of the page)
-
-
- STRUCTURAL DEFINITION (appearance controlled by the browser's preferences)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Heading <H?></H?> (the spec. defines 6 levels)
- Align Heading <H? ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></H?>
- Division <DIV></DIV>
- Align Division <DIV ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER|JUSTIFY></DIV>
- Block Quote <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> (usually indented)
- Emphasis <EM></EM> (usually displayed as italic)
- Strong Emphasis <STRONG></STRONG> (usually displayed as bold)
- Citation <CITE></CITE> (usually italics)
- Code <CODE></CODE> (for source code listings)
- Sample Output <SAMP></SAMP>
- Keyboard Input <KBD></KBD>
- Variable <VAR></VAR>
- Definition <DFN></DFN> (not widely implemented)
- Author's Address <ADDRESS></ADDRESS>
- Large Font Size <BIG></BIG>
- Small Font Size <SMALL></SMALL>
-
-
- PRESENTATION FORMATTING (author specifies text appearance)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Bold <B></B>
- Italic <I></I>
- N3.0b Underline <U></U> (not widely implemented yet)
- Strikeout <STRIKE></STRIKE> (not widely implemented yet)
- N3.0b Strikeout <S></S> (not widely implemented yet)
- Subscript <SUB></SUB>
- Superscript <SUP></SUP>
- Typewriter <TT></TT> (displays in a monospaced font)
- Preformatted <PRE></PRE> (display text spacing as-is)
- Width <PRE WIDTH=?></PRE> (in characters)
- Center <CENTER></CENTER> (for both text and images)
- N1.0 Blinking <BLINK></BLINK> (the most derided tag ever)
- Font Size <FONT SIZE=?></FONT> (ranges from 1-7)
- Change Font Size <FONT SIZE="+|-?"></FONT>
- N1.0 Base Font Size <BASEFONT SIZE=?> (from 1-7; default is 3)
- Font Color <FONT COLOR="#$$$$$$"></FONT>
- N3.0b Select Font <FONT FACE="***"></FONT>
- N3.0b Multi-Column <MULTICOL COLS=?></MULTICOL>
- N3.0b Column Gutter <MULTICOL GUTTER=?></MULTICOL>
- N3.0b Column Width <MULTICOL WIDTH=?></MULTICOL>
- N3.0b Spacer <SPACER>
- N3.0b Spacer Type <SPACER TYPE=horizontal|vertical|block>
- N3.0b Size <SPACER SIZE=?>
- N3.0b Dimensions <SPACER WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>
- N3.0b Alignment <SPACER ALIGN=left|right|center>
-
-
- LINKS AND GRAPHICS
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Link Something <A HREF="URL"></A>
- Link to Target <A HREF="URL#***"></A> (if in another document)
- <A HREF="#***"></A> (if in current document)
- N2.0 Target Window <A HREF="URL" TARGET="***"></A>
- Define Target <A NAME="***"></A>
- Display Image <IMG SRC="URL">
- Alignment <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM|MIDDLE|LEFT|RIGHT>
- N1.0 Alignment <IMG SRC="URL" ALIGN=TEXTTOP|ABSMIDDLE|
- BASELINE|ABSBOTTOM>
- Alternate <IMG SRC="URL" ALT="***"> (if image not displayed)
- Dimensions <IMG SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> (in pixels)
- Border <IMG SRC="URL" BORDER=?> (in pixels)
- Runaround Space <IMG SRC="URL" HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> (in pixels)
- N1.0 Low-Res Proxy <IMG SRC="URL" LOWSRC="URL">
- Imagemap <IMG SRC="URL" ISMAP> (requires a script)
- Imagemap <IMG SRC="URL" USEMAP="URL">
- Map <MAP NAME="***"></MAP> (describes the map)
- Section <AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS=",,," HREF="URL"|NOHREF>
- N1.1 Client Pull <META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="?; URL=URL">
- N2.0 Embed Object <EMBED SRC="URL"> (insert object into page)
- N2.0 Object Size <EMBED SRC="URL" WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?>
-
-
- DIVIDERS
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Paragraph <P></P> (closing tag often unnecessary)
- Align Text <P ALIGN=LEFT|CENTER|RIGHT></P>
- Line Break <BR> (a single carriage return)
- Clear Textwrap <BR CLEAR=LEFT|RIGHT|ALL>
- Horizontal Rule <HR>
- Alignment <HR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER>
- Thickness <HR SIZE=?> (in pixels)
- Width <HR WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
- Width Percent <HR WIDTH="%"> (as a percentage of page width)
- Solid Line <HR NOSHADE> (without the 3D cutout look)
- N1.0 No Break <NOBR></NOBR> (prevents line breaks)
- N1.0 Word Break <WBR> (where to break a line if needed)
-
-
- LISTS (lists can be nested)
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Unordered List <UL><LI></UL> (<LI> before each list item)
- Compact <UL COMPACT></UL>
- Bullet Type <UL TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> (for the whole list)
- <LI TYPE=DISC|CIRCLE|SQUARE> (this & subsequent)
- Ordered List <OL><LI></OL> (<LI> before each list item)
- Compact <OL COMPACT></OL>
- Numbering Type <OL TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> (for the whole list)
- <LI TYPE=A|a|I|i|1> (this & subsequent)
- Starting Number <OL START=?> (for the whole list)
- <LI VALUE=?> (this & subsequent)
- Definition List <DL><DT><DD></DL> (<DT>=term, <DD>=definition)
- Compact <DL COMPACT></DL>
- Menu List <MENU><LI></MENU> (<LI> before each list item)
- Compact <MENU COMPACT></MENU>
- Directory List <DIR><LI></DIR> (<LI> before each list item)
- Compact <DIR COMPACT></DIR>
-
-
- BACKGROUNDS AND COLORS
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Tiled Bkground <BODY BACKGROUND="URL">
- Bkground Color <BODY BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$"> (order is red/green/blue)
- Text Color <BODY TEXT="#$$$$$$">
- Link Color <BODY LINK="#$$$$$$">
- Visited Link <BODY VLINK="#$$$$$$">
- Active Link <BODY ALINK="#$$$$$$">
- (More info at <http://werbach.com/web/wwwhelp.html#color>)
-
-
- SPECIAL CHARACTERS (these must all be in lower case)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Special Character ?; (where ? is the ISO 8859-1 code)
- < <
- > >
- & &
- " "
- Registered TM ®
- Registered TM ®
- Copyright ©
- Copyright ©
- Non-Breaking Spc
- (Complete list at <http://www.uni-passau.de/%7Eramsch/iso8859-1.html>)
-
-
- FORMS (generally require a script on your server)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Define Form <FORM ACTION="URL" METHOD=GET|POST></FORM>
- N2.0 File Upload <FORM ENCTYPE="multipart/form-data></FORM>
- Input Field <INPUT TYPE="TEXT|PASSWORD|CHECKBOX|RADIO|
- IMAGE|HIDDEN|SUBMIT|RESET">
- Field Name <INPUT NAME="***">
- Field Value <INPUT VALUE="***">
- Checked? <INPUT CHECKED> (checkboxes and radio boxes)
- Field Size <INPUT SIZE=?> (in characters)
- Max Length <INPUT MAXLENGTH=?> (in characters)
- Selection List <SELECT></SELECT>
- Name of List <SELECT NAME="***"></SELECT>
- # of Options <SELECT SIZE=?></SELECT>
- Multiple Choice <SELECT MULTIPLE> (can select more than one)
- Option <OPTION> (items that can be selected)
- Default Option <OPTION SELECTED>
- Input Box Size <TEXTAREA ROWS=? COLS=?></TEXTAREA>
- Name of Box <TEXTAREA NAME="***"></TEXTAREA>
- N2.0 Wrap Text <TEXTAREA WRAP=OFF|VIRTUAL|PHYSICAL></TEXTAREA>
-
-
- TABLES
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Define Table <TABLE></TABLE>
- Table Border <TABLE BORDER></TABLE> (either on or off)
- Table Border <TABLE BORDER=?></TABLE> (you can set the value)
- Cell Spacing <TABLE CELLSPACING=?>
- Cell Padding <TABLE CELLPADDING=?>
- Desired Width <TABLE WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
- Width Percent <TABLE WIDTH=%> (percentage of page)
- Table Row <TR></TR>
- Alignment <TR ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER
- VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM>
- Table Cell <TD></TD> (must appear within table rows)
- Alignment <TD ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER
- VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM>
- No linebreaks <TD NOWRAP>
- Columns to Span <TD COLSPAN=?>
- Rows to Span <TD ROWSPAN=?>
- N1.1 Desired Width <TD WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
- N1.1 Width Percent <TD WIDTH="%"> (percentage of table)
- N3.0b Cell Color <TD BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$">
- Table Header <TH></TH> (same as data, except bold centered)
- Alignment <TH ALIGN=LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER
- VALIGN=TOP|MIDDLE|BOTTOM>
- No Linebreaks <TH NOWRAP>
- Columns to Span <TH COLSPAN=?>
- Rows to Span <TH ROWSPAN=?>
- N1.1 Desired Width <TH WIDTH=?> (in pixels)
- N1.1 Width Percent <TH WIDTH="%"> (percentage of table)
- N3.0b Cell Color <TH BGCOLOR="#$$$$$$">
- Table Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>
- Alignment <CAPTION ALIGN=TOP|BOTTOM> (above/below table)
-
-
- FRAMES (define and manipulate specific regions of the screen)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- N2.0 Frame Document <FRAMESET></FRAMESET> (instead of <BODY>)
- N2.0 Row Heights <FRAMESET ROWS=,,,></FRAMESET> (pixels or %)
- N2.0 Row Heights <FRAMESET ROWS=*></FRAMESET> (* = relative size)
- N2.0 Column Widths <FRAMESET COLS=,,,></FRAMESET> (pixels or %)
- N2.0 Column Widths <FRAMESET COLS=*></FRAMESET> (* = relative size)
- N3.0b Borders <FRAMESET FRAMEBORDER="yes|no">
- N3.0b Border Width <FRAMESET BORDER=?>
- N3.0b Border Color <FRAMESET BORDERCOLOR="#$$$$$$">
- N2.0 Define Frame <FRAME> (contents of an individual frame)
- N2.0 Display Document <FRAME SRC="URL">
- N2.0 Frame Name <FRAME NAME="***"|_blank|_self|_parent|_top>
- N2.0 Margin Width <FRAME MARGINWIDTH=?> (left and right margins)
- N2.0 Margin Height <FRAME MARGINHEIGHT=?> (top and bottom margins)
- N2.0 Scrollbar? <FRAME SCROLLING="YES|NO|AUTO">
- N2.0 Not Resizable <FRAME NORESIZE>
- N3.0b Borders <FRAME FRAMEBORDER="yes|no">
- N3.0b Border Color <FRAME BORDERCOLOR="#$$$$$$">
- N2.0 Unframed Content <NOFRAMES></NOFRAMES> (for non-frames browsers)
-
-
- JAVA
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Applet <APPLET></APPLET>
- File Name <APPLET CODE="***">
- Parameters <APPLET PARAM NAME="***">
- Location <APPLET CODEBASE="URL">
- Identifier <APPLET NAME="***"> (for references)
- Alt Text <APPLET ALT="***"> (for non-Java browsers)
- Alignment <APPLET ALIGN="LEFT|RIGHT|CENTER">
- Size <APPLET WIDTH=? HEIGHT=?> (in pixels)
- Spacing <APPLET HSPACE=? VSPACE=?> (in pixels)
-
-
- MISCELLANEOUS
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Comment <!-- *** --> (not displayed by the browser)
- Prologue <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
- Searchable <ISINDEX> (indicates a searchable index)
- Prompt <ISINDEX PROMPT="***"> (text to prompt input)
- Send Search <A HREF="URL?***"></a> (use a real question mark)
- URL of This File <BASE HREF="URL"> (must be in header)
- N2.0 Base Window Name <BASE TARGET="***">(must be in header)
- Relationship <LINK REV="***" REL="***" HREF="URL"> (in header)
- Meta Information <META> (must be in header)
- Style Sheets <STYLE></STYLE> (not widely supported yet)
- Scripts <SCRIPT></SCRIPT> (not widely supported yet)
-
-
-
-
-
- ===========================================================================
- Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Kevin Werbach. Noncommercial redistribution is
- permitted. This Guide is not a product of Bare Bones Software. Contact the
- author for more information.
-
-
-